See dʰer- on Wiktionary
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "0 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European CeR-shaped roots",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European entries with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European perfective roots",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European roots",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "unknown",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"sense": "strong, robust",
"tags": [
"derived"
],
"word": "*dʰer-ǵʰ-"
},
{
"lang": "unknown",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"sense": "to be bold",
"tags": [
"derived"
],
"word": "*dʰer-s-"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Sanskrit",
"lang_code": "sa",
"roman": "ádhṛta",
"word": "अधृत"
},
{
"lang": "Sanskrit",
"lang_code": "sa",
"roman": "dhṛthā́s",
"word": "धृथास्"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-Aryan",
"lang_code": "inc-pro",
"word": "*Hádʰr̥ta"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Avestan",
"lang_code": "ae",
"roman": "dər^ətā",
"word": "𐬛𐬆𐬭𐬆𐬙𐬁"
},
{
"lang": "Avestan",
"lang_code": "ae",
"roman": "drītā",
"word": "𐬛𐬭𐬍𐬙𐬁"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Iranian",
"lang_code": "ira-pro",
"word": "*Hádr̥ta"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-Iranian",
"lang_code": "iir-pro",
"word": "*Hádʰr̥ta"
}
],
"lang": "unknown",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"tags": [
"derived"
],
"word": "*dʰr̥-tó ~ dʰr-n̥tó"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Latvian",
"lang_code": "lv",
"word": "derêt"
},
{
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"lang_code": "lt",
"word": "derė́ti"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Balto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "ine-bsl-pro"
}
],
"lang": "unknown",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"tags": [
"derived"
],
"word": "*dʰér-e-ti"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Sanskrit",
"lang_code": "sa",
"roman": "didhṛtám",
"word": "दिधृतम्"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-Aryan",
"lang_code": "inc-pro",
"word": "*didʰarti"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Avestan",
"lang_code": "ae",
"roman": "vidiδār^əmna-",
"word": "𐬬𐬌𐬛𐬌𐬜𐬁𐬭𐬆𐬨𐬥𐬀-"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Iranian",
"lang_code": "ira-pro",
"word": "*didarti"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-Iranian",
"lang_code": "iir-pro",
"word": "*dʰidʰarti"
}
],
"lang": "unknown",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"tags": [
"derived"
],
"word": "*dʰí-dʰer-ti"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Sanskrit",
"lang_code": "sa",
"roman": "dādhā́ra",
"word": "दाधार"
},
{
"lang": "Sanskrit",
"lang_code": "sa",
"roman": "dadhā́ra",
"word": "दधार"
},
{
"lang": "Sanskrit",
"lang_code": "sa",
"roman": "dadhré",
"word": "दध्रे"
},
{
"lang": "Sanskrit",
"lang_code": "sa",
"roman": "dadhártu",
"word": "दधर्तु"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-Aryan",
"lang_code": "inc-pro",
"word": "*dādʰā́ra"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Younger Avestan",
"lang_code": "ae",
"roman": "daδāra",
"word": "𐬛𐬀𐬜𐬁𐬭𐬀"
}
],
"lang": "Avestan",
"lang_code": "ae",
"roman": "dādrē",
"word": "𐬛𐬁𐬛𐬭𐬉"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Iranian",
"lang_code": "ira-pro",
"word": "*dādāra"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-Iranian",
"lang_code": "iir-pro",
"word": "*dʰādʰā́ra"
}
],
"lang": "unknown",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"tags": [
"derived"
],
"word": "*dʰe-dʰór-e ~ *dʰe-dʰr̥-ḗr"
},
{
"lang": "unknown",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"tags": [
"derived"
],
"word": "*dʰor-éyeti"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Sanskrit",
"lang_code": "sa",
"roman": "dhárman",
"word": "धर्मन्"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-Aryan",
"lang_code": "inc-pro",
"word": "*dʰármā"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-Iranian",
"lang_code": "iir-pro",
"word": "*dʰármā"
}
],
"lang": "unknown",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"tags": [
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],
"word": "*dʰér-mn̥"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Sanskrit",
"lang_code": "sa",
"roman": "dhárma",
"word": "धर्म"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-Aryan",
"lang_code": "inc-pro",
"word": "*dʰármas"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-Iranian",
"lang_code": "iir-pro",
"word": "*dʰármas"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"lang_code": "lt",
"word": "darna"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Balto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "ine-bsl-pro"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"sense": "firm, strong, steadfast, enduring, stable",
"word": "firmus"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Italic",
"lang_code": "itc-pro",
"word": "*fermos"
}
],
"lang": "unknown",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"tags": [
"derived"
],
"word": "*dʰér-mos"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"word": "ferē"
},
{
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"word": "fermē"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Italic",
"lang_code": "itc-pro",
"word": "*feros"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"word": "ferē"
},
{
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"word": "fermē"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Italic",
"lang_code": "itc-pro",
"word": "*feramos"
}
],
"lang": "unknown",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"tags": [
"derived"
],
"word": "*dʰer-o-"
},
{
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{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"sense": "bridle",
"word": "frēnum"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Italic",
"lang_code": "itc-pro",
"word": "*frēnom"
}
],
"lang": "unknown",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"tags": [
"derived"
],
"word": "*dʰr-eh₁-nom"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"sense": "leaning on something",
"word": "frētus"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Italic",
"lang_code": "itc-pro",
"word": "*frētos"
}
],
"lang": "unknown",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"tags": [
"derived"
],
"word": "*dʰr-eh₁-tos"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Proto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "sla-pro",
"sense": "hold",
"word": "*dьržati"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Balto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "ine-bsl-pro",
"tags": [
"derived"
]
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Old Irish",
"lang_code": "sga",
"sense": "troop, multitude, crowd",
"word": "drong"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Celtic",
"lang_code": "cel-pro",
"tags": [
"derived"
]
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
"lang_code": "gmw-pro",
"raw_tags": [
"inherited",
"uncertain"
],
"word": "*darnī"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"tags": [
"derived"
]
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"lang_code": "grc",
"roman": "thráō",
"sense": "to sit, to rest upon",
"word": "θράω"
},
{
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"lang_code": "grc",
"roman": "thrânos",
"sense": "bench, close-stool, supporting beam",
"word": "θρᾶνος"
},
{
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"lang_code": "grc",
"roman": "thrênus",
"sense": "footstool",
"word": "θρῆνυς"
},
{
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"lang_code": "grc",
"roman": "thrónos",
"sense": "seat, throne",
"word": "θρόνος"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Hellenic",
"lang_code": "grk-pro",
"tags": [
"derived"
]
},
{
"lang": "Proto-Indo-Iranian",
"lang_code": "iir-pro",
"sense": "hold, stop, bear, carry, receive, hold up right",
"word": "*dʰar-"
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pf"
},
"expansion": "*dʰer- (perfective)",
"name": "ine-root"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/dʰer-",
"pos": "root",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"to support"
],
"id": "en-dʰer--ine-pro-root-sDQVQy2J",
"links": [
[
"support",
"support"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"perfective",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to hold"
],
"id": "en-dʰer--ine-pro-root-wddo9PTy",
"links": [
[
"hold",
"hold"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"perfective",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "dʰer-"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymon",
"Proto-Indo-European CeR-shaped roots",
"Proto-Indo-European entries with etymon",
"Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Indo-European lemmas",
"Proto-Indo-European perfective roots",
"Proto-Indo-European roots"
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "unknown",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"sense": "strong, robust",
"tags": [
"derived"
],
"word": "*dʰer-ǵʰ-"
},
{
"lang": "unknown",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"sense": "to be bold",
"tags": [
"derived"
],
"word": "*dʰer-s-"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Sanskrit",
"lang_code": "sa",
"roman": "ádhṛta",
"word": "अधृत"
},
{
"lang": "Sanskrit",
"lang_code": "sa",
"roman": "dhṛthā́s",
"word": "धृथास्"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-Aryan",
"lang_code": "inc-pro",
"word": "*Hádʰr̥ta"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Avestan",
"lang_code": "ae",
"roman": "dər^ətā",
"word": "𐬛𐬆𐬭𐬆𐬙𐬁"
},
{
"lang": "Avestan",
"lang_code": "ae",
"roman": "drītā",
"word": "𐬛𐬭𐬍𐬙𐬁"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Iranian",
"lang_code": "ira-pro",
"word": "*Hádr̥ta"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-Iranian",
"lang_code": "iir-pro",
"word": "*Hádʰr̥ta"
}
],
"lang": "unknown",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"tags": [
"derived"
],
"word": "*dʰr̥-tó ~ dʰr-n̥tó"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Latvian",
"lang_code": "lv",
"word": "derêt"
},
{
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"lang_code": "lt",
"word": "derė́ti"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Balto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "ine-bsl-pro"
}
],
"lang": "unknown",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"tags": [
"derived"
],
"word": "*dʰér-e-ti"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Sanskrit",
"lang_code": "sa",
"roman": "didhṛtám",
"word": "दिधृतम्"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-Aryan",
"lang_code": "inc-pro",
"word": "*didʰarti"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Avestan",
"lang_code": "ae",
"roman": "vidiδār^əmna-",
"word": "𐬬𐬌𐬛𐬌𐬜𐬁𐬭𐬆𐬨𐬥𐬀-"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Iranian",
"lang_code": "ira-pro",
"word": "*didarti"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-Iranian",
"lang_code": "iir-pro",
"word": "*dʰidʰarti"
}
],
"lang": "unknown",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"tags": [
"derived"
],
"word": "*dʰí-dʰer-ti"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Sanskrit",
"lang_code": "sa",
"roman": "dādhā́ra",
"word": "दाधार"
},
{
"lang": "Sanskrit",
"lang_code": "sa",
"roman": "dadhā́ra",
"word": "दधार"
},
{
"lang": "Sanskrit",
"lang_code": "sa",
"roman": "dadhré",
"word": "दध्रे"
},
{
"lang": "Sanskrit",
"lang_code": "sa",
"roman": "dadhártu",
"word": "दधर्तु"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-Aryan",
"lang_code": "inc-pro",
"word": "*dādʰā́ra"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Younger Avestan",
"lang_code": "ae",
"roman": "daδāra",
"word": "𐬛𐬀𐬜𐬁𐬭𐬀"
}
],
"lang": "Avestan",
"lang_code": "ae",
"roman": "dādrē",
"word": "𐬛𐬁𐬛𐬭𐬉"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Iranian",
"lang_code": "ira-pro",
"word": "*dādāra"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-Iranian",
"lang_code": "iir-pro",
"word": "*dʰādʰā́ra"
}
],
"lang": "unknown",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"tags": [
"derived"
],
"word": "*dʰe-dʰór-e ~ *dʰe-dʰr̥-ḗr"
},
{
"lang": "unknown",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"tags": [
"derived"
],
"word": "*dʰor-éyeti"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Sanskrit",
"lang_code": "sa",
"roman": "dhárman",
"word": "धर्मन्"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-Aryan",
"lang_code": "inc-pro",
"word": "*dʰármā"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-Iranian",
"lang_code": "iir-pro",
"word": "*dʰármā"
}
],
"lang": "unknown",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"tags": [
"derived"
],
"word": "*dʰér-mn̥"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Sanskrit",
"lang_code": "sa",
"roman": "dhárma",
"word": "धर्म"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-Aryan",
"lang_code": "inc-pro",
"word": "*dʰármas"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-Iranian",
"lang_code": "iir-pro",
"word": "*dʰármas"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"lang_code": "lt",
"word": "darna"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Balto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "ine-bsl-pro"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"sense": "firm, strong, steadfast, enduring, stable",
"word": "firmus"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Italic",
"lang_code": "itc-pro",
"word": "*fermos"
}
],
"lang": "unknown",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"tags": [
"derived"
],
"word": "*dʰér-mos"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"word": "ferē"
},
{
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"word": "fermē"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Italic",
"lang_code": "itc-pro",
"word": "*feros"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"word": "ferē"
},
{
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"word": "fermē"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Italic",
"lang_code": "itc-pro",
"word": "*feramos"
}
],
"lang": "unknown",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"tags": [
"derived"
],
"word": "*dʰer-o-"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"sense": "bridle",
"word": "frēnum"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Italic",
"lang_code": "itc-pro",
"word": "*frēnom"
}
],
"lang": "unknown",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"tags": [
"derived"
],
"word": "*dʰr-eh₁-nom"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"sense": "leaning on something",
"word": "frētus"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Italic",
"lang_code": "itc-pro",
"word": "*frētos"
}
],
"lang": "unknown",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"tags": [
"derived"
],
"word": "*dʰr-eh₁-tos"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Proto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "sla-pro",
"sense": "hold",
"word": "*dьržati"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Balto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "ine-bsl-pro",
"tags": [
"derived"
]
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Old Irish",
"lang_code": "sga",
"sense": "troop, multitude, crowd",
"word": "drong"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Celtic",
"lang_code": "cel-pro",
"tags": [
"derived"
]
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
"lang_code": "gmw-pro",
"raw_tags": [
"inherited",
"uncertain"
],
"word": "*darnī"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"tags": [
"derived"
]
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"lang_code": "grc",
"roman": "thráō",
"sense": "to sit, to rest upon",
"word": "θράω"
},
{
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"lang_code": "grc",
"roman": "thrânos",
"sense": "bench, close-stool, supporting beam",
"word": "θρᾶνος"
},
{
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"lang_code": "grc",
"roman": "thrênus",
"sense": "footstool",
"word": "θρῆνυς"
},
{
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"lang_code": "grc",
"roman": "thrónos",
"sense": "seat, throne",
"word": "θρόνος"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Hellenic",
"lang_code": "grk-pro",
"tags": [
"derived"
]
},
{
"lang": "Proto-Indo-Iranian",
"lang_code": "iir-pro",
"sense": "hold, stop, bear, carry, receive, hold up right",
"word": "*dʰar-"
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pf"
},
"expansion": "*dʰer- (perfective)",
"name": "ine-root"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/dʰer-",
"pos": "root",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"to support"
],
"links": [
[
"support",
"support"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"perfective",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to hold"
],
"links": [
[
"hold",
"hold"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"perfective",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "dʰer-"
}
Download raw JSONL data for dʰer- meaning in All languages combined (7.1kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-10-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-09-02 using wiktextract (1a05e46 and e3d6d4e). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.